Since the approval of ipilimumab in 2011 for metastatic melanoma, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shifted the treatment paradigm in oncology. Now increasingly indicated as first-line treatment of certain metastatic cancers, ICIs can trigger deep, durable responses and offer significant survival benefit. However, the majority of patients do not respond and many epeirence immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
As researchers seek to improve the efficacy and safety of ICIs and expand the application of these immunotherapies to broader patient populations, a critical area of study is dosing optimization. The goal of dosing optimization is to maximize therapeutic efficacy and access while minimizing toxicity and cost.