Substantial unmet needs exist in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancers. Often, these tumors are detected in later stages when treatment options are limited, and prognosis is poor. However, the gynecologic cancer space is on the cusp of change. The recent introduction of novel medicines, namely targeted therapies, has improved patient care and outcome. This progress—along with increased focus on women’s health, clinical trial diversity, and health equity—has renewed interest in developing gynecologic cancer treatments.
Brief Background on Gynecologic Cancers
Gynecologic cancers comprise five major types: ovarian, uterine and endometrial, cervical, vaginal, and vulvar. All biological females are at risk for gynecologic cancers, and this risk increases with age. Other risk factors include:
- Family history
- History of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, for cervical cancer
- Genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, for ovarian cancer
- Hormone replacement therapy
Awareness, education, and screening, if available, play important roles in prevention, but gynecologic cancers continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.